Present Perfect

Se divide en dos tipos: SIMPLE y CONTINUOUS.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Forma: HAS/HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Ejemplos:

·       You have seen that movie many times.

·       Have you seen that movie many times?

·       You have not seen that movie many times.

Uso del present perfect simple: Es usado para hablar de algo que ha sucedido en el pasado (sin especificar cuándo ha pasado, es decir, no decimos si fue ayer, la semana pasada, hace un año, …) o para hablar acerca de cambios o de nuestras experiencias (realizadas en el pasado):

·       I have seen that movie twenty times.

·       I think I have met him once before.

·       There have been many earthquakes in California.

·       People have traveled to the Moon.

·       People have not traveled to Mars.

·       Have you read the book yet?

·       Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.

·       A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
      B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

• I have been to France.This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.
• I have been to France three times.You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
• I have never been to France.This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.
• I think I have seen that movie before.
• He has never traveled by train.
• Joan has studied two foreign languages.
• She has dyed her hair.
• A: Have you ever met him?
  B: No, I have not met him.

También es usado para hablar de algo que empieza en el pasado y continua en el presente:

      ·  I have known him for six years.

También es usado para hablar de acciones completadas recientemente:
        ·  I have finished my geography essay.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Forma: HAS/HAVE + BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE

Examples:

·       You have been waiting here for two hours.

·       Have you been waiting here for two hours?

·       You have not been waiting here for two hours.

Uso del present perfect continuous: Se usa para enfatizar la duración de una acción que comienza en el pasado y continua en el presente. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," y "since Tuesday" son expresiones de duración que pueden utilizarse con este tiempo verbal.

Examples:

·       They have been talking for the last hour.

·       She has been working at that company for three years.

·       What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?

·       James has been teaching at the university since June.

·       We have been waiting here for over two hours!
·       I have been cleaning the house all morning.

·       Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days? 

También puede utilizarse sin indicar la duración de la acción. Si no indicamos duración, este tiempo verbal tiene un significado más general de "lately." En ocasiones utilizamos las palabras  "lately" o "recently" para enfatizar este significado.

Examples:

·       Recently, I have been feeling really tired.

·       She has been watching too much television lately.

·       Have you been exercising lately?

·       Mary has been feeling a little depressed.

·       Lisa has not been practicing her English.

·       What have you been doing?

También puede utilizarse para acciones que empiezan en el pasado y duran algún tiempo, pueden continuar o haber finalizado con un resultado visible en el presente.

He's tired because he has been working really hard recently.

También puede utilizarse para expresar enfado, irritación o molestia.

She has been using my computer without asking mes.

También puede utilizarse para acciones repetidas en el pasado que continuan en el presente.

She has lost weight because she has been going to the gym every night after work.

El lugar en el que situamos los adverbios (always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.) es muy importante. Fíjate en los siguientes ejemplos dónde se situan:

Examples:

·       You have only been waiting here for one hour.

·       Have you only been waiting here for one hour?