En reported statements, los pronombres personales y posesivos así como los adjetivos posesivos cambian de acuerdo al significado de la oración.
John said, "I'm having my bike repaired."
John said (that) he was having his bike repaired.
Podemos decir lo que alguien dijo tanto mucho tiempo después de haberlo dicho (out-of-date reporting) como poco tiempo después (up-to-date reporting).
Up-to-date reporting
Los tiempos verbales pueden cambiar o permanecer iguales.
Direct speech: Tim said, "I still haven't done my homework."
Reported speech: Tim said (that) he hasn't/hadn't done his homework.
Out-of-date reporting
El verbo introductorio está en pasado simple (past simple) y el resto de tiempos cambian tal y como se indica a continuación:
Direct Speech Reported speech
Present Simple -------- Past Simple
"My train arrives at three o'clock."
He said (that) his train arrived at three o'clock.
Present Continuous --- Past Continuous
"I am playing chess this afternoon."
He said (that) he was playing chess that afternoon.
Present Perfect -------- Past Perfect
"I have made lasagne."
He said (that) he has made lasagne.
Past Simple ------------ Past Simple / Past Perfect Simple
"I paid five pounds for the book."
He said (that) he paid/had paid five pounds for the book.
Past Continuous ------- Past Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous
"I was walking to the bus stop."
He said (that) he was walking/had been walking to the bus stop.
Future (will) ------------ Conditional (would)
"I will return the videos tomorrow."
He said (that) he would return the videos the next day.
Algunas palabras y expresiones de tiempo cambian según el significado tal y como se indica a continuación:
now ------------- then, immediately
today ----------- that day
yesterday ------ the day before, the previous day
tomorrow ------ the next/following day
this week ------ that week
last week ------ the week before, the previous week
next week ----- the week after, the following week
ago ------------- before
here ------------ there
come ----------- go
bring ----------- take
Los tiempos verbales permanecen igual en reported statements cuando el verbo introductorio está en el present, future o present perfect.
Ann has said, "Breakfast is ready."
Ann has said (that) breakfast is ready.
Los tiempos verbales pueden cambiar o permanecer igual en reported statements cuando nos referimos a una verdad general o ley de la naturaleza.
The teacher said, "Malta is an island."
The teacher said (that) Malta is/was an island.
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